Compression garments in the treatment of chronic edema
What is a medical compression garment?
Compression garment is a medical device made of elastic textile, designed to wrap a limb or part of the body. Its role is to exert controlled pressure on the tissues in order to promote venous and lymphatic return, reduce swelling to contain edema, prevent it from worsening and improve comfort on a daily basis.
When should you use a compression garment?
Compression garments are used in several medical contexts:
Venous insufficiency : to limit the feeling of heavy legs and prevent the progression of varicose veins.
Chronic or post-traumatic edema : to reduce swelling after shock, surgery or prolonged immobilization.
Lymphedema : to contain the accumulation of lymph, whether it is of congenital origin or secondary to treatment such as surgery or radiotherapy.
Prevention or recovery : in certain people at risk (prolonged travel, prolonged standing).
These garments can be prescribed for the upper limbs (arms, hands) as well as for the lower limbs (foot, ankle, leg, thigh) and even the pelvic region.
What are the different types of compression garments?
Compression Socks
Used in case of lymphedema in the foot or ankle, they exert appropriate pressure to help limit the accumulation of lymph and promote its circulation.
Lower thighs
Recommended when the edema extends to the entire leg, the lower thighs offer homogeneous compression from the foot to the thigh, for optimal support.
Gloves
Intended for the hand, they help contain fluid buildup and improve finger mobility.
Sleeves
Indicated in case of lymphedema of the arm, often after breast cancer, they exert pressure on the entire upper limb.
Mittens
Often combined with the sleeve or glove, they target more specifically the finger area, which is particularly difficult to treat.
Shorts for genital edema and lymphedema
Specially designed for the pelvic and abdominal region, these garments provide support for sensitive areas, often affected by complex oedema.
What are the benefits of compression garments?
There are many benefits to wearing compression garments. They help reduce swelling and edema by making it easier to drain accumulated fluids. They also relieve pain and the feeling of heaviness through better blood and lymphatic circulation. In the case of venous pathologies, they promote blood circulation and reduce the risk of complications. After an operation, they secure the operated area, promote regular healing and limit the risk of fibrosis. Finally, for athletes, they help maintain good muscle oxygenation and reduce muscle soreness.
How to choose a medical compression garment?
The choice depends on the location of the edema, the intensity of the symptoms and the patient's morphology:
Standard or custom-made : for atypical shapes or volumes, custom-made ensures an optimal fit.
Compression levels : several classes exist, adapted to the severity of the pathology.
Materials and comfort : some models favor thinness or aesthetics, others robustness.
In all cases, the prescription and adjustment must be carried out by a health professional.
How to use and care for a compression garment?
Wearing it must comply with the medical recommendation: in general, the garment is put on in the morning, when the limb is least swollen, and removed at night.
For maintenance:
Wearing a compression garment must be in accordance with the precise instructions given by the health professional and are most often characterized by several phases of treatment (maintenance and intensive).
To maintain their effectiveness, compression garments must be cared for with care. They can be machine washed at 30°C, on a gentle cycle. In order to preserve their effectiveness and lifespan, it is recommended not to use tumble dryers or harsh detergents. Drying should be done in the open air, away from direct heat sources.
Each treatment should be personalized to individual needs, and regular medical follow-up is crucial to optimize results.